lántas stuff

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Rhiannon Morris 2021-04-28 12:36:15 +02:00
parent 3aba096598
commit 78b5074d85
6 changed files with 99 additions and 99 deletions

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ hide-footer: true
Yeah. The ones I have anything written up for, in order of detail, and with a
couple of buzzwords each:
* **[Lántas]** `/laːntas/`, which is the language which has gone longest
* **[Lántas](laantas)** `/laːntas/`, which is the language which has gone longest
without me abandoning it. It has lots of noun cases and syllabic consonants,
and is written with an abugida.
@ -18,4 +18,3 @@ couple of buzzwords each:
a conlang in an hour" challenge thing but then I got kind of attached to it.
It has nine genders and vowel harmony.
[Lántas]: laantas

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@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ The suffix has a few different forms depending on how the word ends:
`{kášńḿ}` 'the lizard'
vowel, `{ŕ}`, or `{ł}` `{-m}` `{luwam}` 'the truth',
`{laksŕm}` 'the fish',
`{ustaiþłm}` 'the singer'
`{ustaiƶłm}` 'the singer'
------------------------- --------- --------------------------------
A sequence `{ńḿ}` formed in this way is pronounced as `/nm̩/`. In other words,
@ -62,15 +62,15 @@ inserted after the `{-m}` form of the suffix if it is needed due to another
suffix following it.
:::glosses
- Sámimat þasim
- Sami-ma-t þasi-m
- Sámimat ƶasim
- Sami-ma-t ƶasi-m
- Sam-DEF-GEN dog-DEF
- Sam's dog
---
- Sámimat þasi
- Sami-ma-t þasi
- Sámimat ƶasi
- Sami-ma-t ƶasi
- Sam-DEF-GEN dog
- one of Sam's dogs
:::
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ The definite suffix is used:
I saw two people. One of them was wearing a nice shirt.
- For people, places, countries, and other proper names.
- `{Þuð pas kášńł ǧiššimamba nuabia.}`\
- `{Ƶuƶ pas kášńł ǧiššimamba nuabia.}`\
Those two lizards live above the bakery.
- In time phrases with `{gimi}`. However, `{naigimi}` 'sometime' is indefinite.
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ The definite suffix is used:
I'll do it at some point.
- In statements of general fact.
- `{Númsal pasla aðal ai.}`\
- `{Númsal pasla aƶal ai.}`\
Humans have two eyes.
- __TODO: ?__
@ -198,8 +198,8 @@ affirmative statements.)
---
- Kalńkas þasit bairusina.
- kalń-kas þasi-t bairu-si-na
- Kalńkas ƶasit bairusina.
- kalń-kas ƶasi-t bairu-si-na
- cat-COM dog-GEN see-RPST-1SG
- I saw a cat and a dog.
@ -322,8 +322,8 @@ stem ends in a consonant or vowel, so they are only listed for `{nú}`.
`!PL!` `{nú·sa·l}` `{nú·sa·s·ł}` `{nú·sa·n·ł}` `{nú·sa·ri·l}`
`!IN!` `!SG!` `{nú·li}` `{nú·li·s}` `{nú·li·n}` `{nú·li·ri}`
`!PL!` `{nú·li·l}` `{nú·li·s·ł}` `{nú·li·n·ł}` `{nú·li·ri·l}`
`!PRE!` `!SG!` `{nú·ðu}` `{nú·ðu·s}` `{nú·ðu·n}` `{nú·ðu·ri}`
`!PL!` `{nú·ðu·l}` `{nú·ðu·s·ł}` `{nú·ðu·n·ł}` `{nú·ðu·ri·l}`
`!PRE!` `!SG!` `{nú·ƶu}` `{nú·ƶu·s}` `{nú·ƶu·n}` `{nú·ƶu·ri}`
`!PL!` `{nú·ƶu·l}` `{nú·ƶu·s·ł}` `{nú·ƶu·n·ł}` `{nú·ƶu·ri·l}`
`!POST!` `!SG!` `{nú·gi}` `{nú·gi·s}` `{nú·gi·n}` `{nú·gi·ri}`
`!PL!` `{nú·gi·l}` `{nú·gi·s·ł}` `{nú·gi·n·ł}` `{nú·gi·ri·l}`
`!INTER!` `!SG!` `{nú·nua}` `{nú·nua·s}` `{nú·nua·n}` `{nú·nua·ri}`
@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ stem ends in a consonant or vowel, so they are only listed for `{nú}`.
`!(AD-ESS)!` Are you at home?
- `{Sihamgit ǧimamlis šikkúmána.}`\
`!(IN-LAT)!` I'll be going home soon.
- `{Sabut kalń káðuri narasi.}`\
- `{Sabut kalń káƶuri narasi.}`\
`!(PRE-PRL)!` A black cat passed in front of me.
- `{Ǧimamgi waibifás.}`\
`!(POST-ESS)!` They're playing round the back of the house.
@ -371,14 +371,14 @@ stem ends in a consonant or vowel, so they are only listed for `{nú}`.
The position suffixes give rise to the following words based on a root `{fan}`:
:::figure
- `{fansað}`: surface
- `{fanlið}`: interior
- `{fanduð}`: front
- `{fangið}`: back
- `{fannuað}`: company
- `{fambað}`: top
- `{fankuð}`: bottom
- `{fammið}`: vicinity
- `{fansaƶ}`: surface
- `{fanliƶ}`: interior
- `{fanduƶ}`: front
- `{fangiƶ}`: back
- `{fannuaƶ}`: company
- `{fambaƶ}`: top
- `{fankuƶ}`: bottom
- `{fammiƶ}`: vicinity
:::
@ -397,22 +397,22 @@ Genitive forms can be used as adverbs with the suffix `{-tta}`; the conjunctive
variant is `{-ttás}`.
:::glosses
- sabut þasi
- sabu-t þasi
- sabut ƶasi
- sabu-t ƶasi
- black-GEN dog
- a black dog
---
- líbisat þasi
- líbis-at þasi
- líbisat ƶasi
- líbis-at ƶasi
- happy-GEN dog
- a happy dog
---
- sabut líbistas þasi
- sabu-t líbis-t-as þasi
- sabut líbistas ƶasi
- sabu-t líbis-t-as ƶasi
- black-GEN happy-GEN-CONJ dog
- a happy black dog

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@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ Where unspecified, consonants are spelt the same way as in IPA.
  Labial Dental Postalveolar Velar
------------ ------------- ------------------ ------------------- -------------
Plosive `/p b/` `/t d/` `/tʃ dʒ/` `{č ǧ}` `/k g/`
Fricative `/f/` `/θ s/` `{ŧ, s}` `/ʃ/` `{š}` `/x/` `{h}`
Plosive `/p b/` `/t d/` `/tʃ dʒ/` `{č ǧ}` `/k ɡ/`
Fricative `/f/` `/θ s/` `{ƶ, s}` `/ʃ/` `{š}` `/x/` `{h}`
Nasal `/m/` `/n/`
Flap `/ɾ/` `{r}`
Approximant `/w/` `/l/` `/j/`
@ -59,12 +59,11 @@ syllable structure, geminated consonants are counted the same as two separate
ones. Geminate versions of most consonants are spelt by doubling the letter:
`{pp}`, `{tt}`, `{kk}`, etc.
*The phoneme `/θ/` might be written `{þ}` or `{ð}` in places I have forgotten to update.*
In places I have forgotten to update, `/θ/` might be written `{þ}` or `{ð}`.
## Allophony
- Before `/i iː iə/`, `/ɾ/` becomes `[ʑ̞]`, a laminal fricative with only a
small amount of actual friction, almost `[ɹ̻]`.
- Before `/i iː iə/`, `/ɾ/` becomes `[ʑ̞]`.
- A nasal followed by a plosive assimilates to the same place of articulation
(but for compound words this is not reflected in the spelling), for example
`{rabanpa}` `[ravampa]` 'what book?'.
@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ ones. Geminate versions of most consonants are spelt by doubling the letter:
word-finally. The sequence `/lθ/` is realised as `[ɬʲː]`.
- In many dialects, the long obstruents `/pː tːː kː sː ʃː/` are pronounced as
ejectives `[pʼ tʼʼ kʼ sʼ ʃʼ]`, and the long sonorants `/mː nː lː/` as
`[bᵐ dⁿ ɮː]`.
`[bᵐ dⁿ ɮˠː]`.
# Syllable structure
@ -108,7 +107,7 @@ to each other, however, even without a non-syllabic consonant in between.
Sometimes an inflectional ending can cause an invalid sequence of syllabic and
non-syllabic consonant. In this case, the sequence is replaced with `{a}` plus a
long form of the consonant: `{suaþł}` 'speaker'---`{suaþalla}` 'from a
long form of the consonant: `{suaƶł}` 'speaker'---`{suaƶalla}` 'from a
speaker'.

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ cases](#locational_cases) are attached to. Their suffixes are regular.
`!ESS!` `{kagu}` `{tigul}` `{sugu}` `{sugul}` `{rugu}` `{rugul}`
`!TRA!` `{kasti}` `{tistil}` `{susti}` `{sustul}` `{rusti}` `{rustil}`
`!EXE!` `{kaču}` `{tičul}` `{sučču}` `{suččul}` `{ruču}` `{ručul}`
`!LOC!` `{ka}` `{til}` `{su}` `{sual}` `{ru}` `{rual}`
`!LOC!` `{ká–}` `{tíl}` `{sú}` `{sual}` `{rú}` `{rual}`
:::
@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ cases](#locational_cases) are attached to. Their suffixes are regular.
There is a three way distance distinction for demonstratives: a new referent near the speaker/listener, a new referent distant from both, and old information. These will be glossed as 'this', 'yon', and 'that', respectively.
The near demonstrative is `{lua}`, whose declension is given below. For distant referents it is `{þua}` and for old information `{mua}`; they decline in the same way as `{lua}`.
The near demonstrative is `{lua}`, whose declension is given below. For distant referents it is `{ƶua}` and for old information `{mua}`; they decline in the same way as `{lua}`.
The adjectival (ADJ) forms of these words are used as determiners before other nouns. Note that unlike most nouns, it is distinct from the genitive: compare `{muð kalńł}` 'those cats' and `{mut kalńł}` 'that person's cats'. It also lacks stress, unlike the other forms.
The adjectival (ADJ) forms of these words are used as determiners before other nouns. Note that unlike most nouns, it is distinct from the genitive: compare `{muƶ kalńł}` 'those cats' and `{mut kalńł}` 'that person's cats'. It also lacks stress, unlike the other forms.
:::figure
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ The adjectival (ADJ) forms of these words are used as determiners before other n
`!TRA!` `{lusti}` `{lustil}`
`!EXE!` `{luču}` `{lučul}`
`!LOC!` `{lu}` `{lul}`
`!ADJ!` `{luð}` `{luð}`
`!ADJ!` `{luƶ}` `{luƶ}`
:::

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@ -28,29 +28,29 @@ Stories are narrated in the present tense.
:::
:::glosses
- Þasim kalńḿt jaðí.
- þasi-m kalń-ḿ-t jaðí
- Ƶasim kalńḿt jaƶí.
- ƶasi-m kalń-ḿ-t jaƶí
- dog-DEF cat-DEF-GEN love;PRS
- The dog loves the cat.
---
- Þasim kalńḿt jaðísi.
- þasim kalńḿt jaðí-si
- Ƶasim kalńḿt jaƶísi.
- ƶasim kalńḿt jaƶí-si
- the:dog the:cat love-RPST
- The dog loved the cat.
---
- Þasim kalńḿt jaðísai.
- þasim kalńḿt jaðí-sai
- Ƶasim kalńḿt jaƶísai.
- ƶasim kalńḿt jaƶí-sai
- the:dog the:cat love-DPST
- The dog had loved the cat (until …).
---
- Þasim kalńḿt jaðímá.
- þasim kalńḿt jaðí-má
- Ƶasim kalńḿt jaƶímá.
- ƶasim kalńḿt jaƶí-má
- the:dog the:cat love-FUT
- The dog will love the cat.
:::
@ -84,15 +84,15 @@ is expressed by using conjunctions of pronouns instead of suffixes.
---
- Þasim bairunáš.
- þasi-m bairu-**náš**
- Ƶasim bairunáš.
- ƶasi-m bairu-**náš**
- dog-DEF see-1PL;SBJ
- We see the dog.
---
- Þasim bairudúš.
- þasi-m bairu-**dúš**
- Ƶasim bairudúš.
- ƶasi-m bairu-**dúš**
- dog-DEF see-1PL;OBJ
- The dog sees us.
:::
@ -113,21 +113,21 @@ There is a four way voice distinction. The voice markers are placed between the
Active `!(ACT)!` `{}`
Passive `!(PSV)!` `{lú}`
Reflexive `!(RFL)!` `{sidu}`
Reciprocal `!(RCP)!` `{lði}`
Reciprocal `!(RCP)!` `{lƶi}`
--------------------- ----------
:::
:::glosses
- Þasimat tassána.
- þasimat tassá-na
- Ƶasimat tassána.
- ƶasimat tassá-na
- the:dog wash-1SG
- I wash the dog.
---
- Þasim tassálú.
- þasim tassá-**lú**
- Ƶasim tassálú.
- ƶasim tassá-**lú**
- the:dog wash-PSV
- The dog is washed.
@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ There is a four way voice distinction. The voice markers are placed between the
---
- Tassálðináš.
- tassá-**lði**-náš
- Tassálƶináš.
- tassá-**lƶi**-náš
- wash-RCP-1PL
- We wash each other.
:::
@ -190,25 +190,25 @@ A verb form can be suffixed with `{ja}` to turn it into a noun modifier. This
is used to make relative clauses.
:::glosses
- þasim bairuja ausut kášńḿ
- þasi-m bairu-ja ausu-t kášń-ḿ
- ƶasim bairuja ausut kášńḿ
- ƶasi-m bairu-ja ausu-t kášń-ḿ
- dog-DEF see-REL size-GEN lizard-DEF
- the big lizard that the dog sees
---
- þasimat bairuja ausut kášńḿ
- þasim-at bairu-ja ausut kášńḿ
- ƶasimat bairuja ausut kášńḿ
- ƶasim-at bairu-ja ausut kášńḿ
- the:dog-GEN see-REL big the:lizard
- the lizard that sees the dog
:::
A relative clause can be made into a noun phrase of its own with `{ð}`,
A relative clause can be made into a noun phrase of its own with `{ƶ}`,
meaning 'the one who \_\_\_\_'.
:::glosses
- kášńł bairujað
- kášń-ł bairu-ja-ð
- kášńł bairujaƶ
- kášń-ł bairu-ja-ƶ
- lizard-PL see-REL-NOM
- the one who sees lizards
:::
@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ meaning 'the one who \_\_\_\_'.
Pro-verbs are placeholders standing in for verb phrases; they are the verb equivalent of pronouns.
The word for 'to do this' is `{mai}`, related to the [pronoun] `{mua}`. There
are also `{lai}` and `{þai}`, which are used only when contrasting between two
are also `{lai}` and `{ƶai}`, which are used only when contrasting between two
options.
[pronoun]: prons.html#demonstratives
@ -232,15 +232,15 @@ options.
---
- *Laim**þaim* ušmiha?
- lai-m iš þai-m ušmi-ha
- *Laim**ƶaim* ušmiha?
- lai-m iš ƶai-m ušmi-ha
- do_this-DEF or do_that-DEF want-2SG
- Which do you want to do?
---
- Þaim ušmina.
- þai-m ušmi-na
- Ƶaim ušmina.
- ƶai-m ušmi-na
- do_this-DEF want-1SG
- I want to take the bus.
:::

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@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ mansi:
o: bairusinabu, ŕminu, mansisinabutul
t: i (tried to) read it but I didn't understand
bauðu:
bauƶu:
p: ˈbaw.θu
t: n
d:
- west
- bauðut: western
- bauƶut: western
čá:
p: ˈtʃaː
@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ háma:
- land
- country
jaðí:
jaƶí:
p: ˈja.θiː
t: {v: t}
d: love
@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ sá:
d: now
n: usually fronted in sentence
gimimðu:
gimimƶu:
p: ɡi.ˈmim.θu
t: {pp: GEN}
d: before
@ -328,12 +328,12 @@ włjá:
- east
- włját: eastern
þasi:
ƶasi:
p: ˈθa.si
t: n
d: dog
þł:
ƶł:
p: ˈθl̩
t: {suf: [n, n]}
d: person
@ -375,12 +375,12 @@ jua:
t: {suf: [_, _]}
d: excessive, very
laðas:
laƶas:
p: ˈla.θas
t: n
d: proud
laðasjua:
laƶasjua:
t: n
d: pretension
@ -887,7 +887,7 @@ lua:
d: this
n: near speaker
þua:
ƶua:
p: ˈθuə
t: prn
d: that
@ -1045,12 +1045,12 @@ abjas:
- equal to (mathematics)
see: laimi
þuna:
ƶuna:
p: ˈθu.na
t: adv
d:
- exactly
- "þuna gimimli": just now
- "ƶuna gimimli": just now
daš:
p: ˈdaʃ
@ -1133,11 +1133,11 @@ manifnu:
- manifnut:
- pleasant
- nice
- taðmanifnuču:
- taƶmanifnuču:
- disgusting
- (stronger than just \'unpleasant\')
tað:
taƶ:
p: taθ
t: {pre: [n, n]}
d: 'un-'
@ -1357,6 +1357,7 @@ kai:
d:
- goodness
- kait: good
- "Y.NOM kait X.INTER.ESS ai": X likes Y
wá:
p: ˈwaː
@ -1430,7 +1431,7 @@ dagu:
- "n dagut": n-time
- "n dagutta": n times
aða:
aƶa:
p: ˈa.θa
t: n
d: eye
@ -1440,7 +1441,7 @@ tutim:
t: adv
d: often
ðiš:
ƶiš:
p: θiʃ
t: {suf: [n, n]}
d: (diminutive)
@ -1505,7 +1506,7 @@ tušura:
t: {v: t}
d: twist
tušurajað:
tušurajaƶ:
p: ˈtu.ʃu.ɾa.jaθ
t: n
d: screw
@ -1515,7 +1516,7 @@ tušurat dawin:
p: ˌtu.ʃu.ɾat ˈda.win
t: n
d: screwdriver
see: [tušura, tušurajað]
see: [tušura, tušurajaƶ]
dawin:
p: ˈda.win
@ -1722,14 +1723,14 @@ lira:
- press
- squeeze
- "samńt lira": print
- "lirajað":
- "lirajaƶ":
d:
- printer
- printing press
n:
in full, samńt lirajað
in full, samńt lirajaƶ
þalussu:
ƶalussu:
p: ˈθa.lus.su
t: {v: t}
d: kill
@ -1864,19 +1865,20 @@ túsal:
- wisdom
- túsat: wise
maðka:
maƶka:
p: ˈmaθ.ka
t: n
d:
- chain
- gurubatł maðka: bandwagon
- gurubatł maƶka: bandwagon
fuba:
p: ˈfu.ba
t: {v: i}
d:
- rusas fubasidu: roll oneself up
- rusan fubasidu: unroll oneself
# fuba:
# p: ˈfu.ba
# t: {v: i}
# d:
# - rúsas fubasidu: roll oneself up
# - rúsan fubasidu: unroll oneself
# TODO what is the rú here????
naiku:
p: ˈnai.ku
@ -1917,7 +1919,7 @@ jaisi:
t: n
d: dream
n:
- taðjaisi: nightmare
- taƶjaisi: nightmare
luwa:
p: ˈlu.wa