From 78b5074d8549f00aa06b319fffeb1c2b57901892 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Rhiannon Morris Date: Wed, 28 Apr 2021 12:36:15 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?l=C3=A1ntas=20stuff?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- pages/index.md | 3 +- pages/laantas/nouns.md | 52 ++++++++++++++++----------------- pages/laantas/phono.md | 13 ++++----- pages/laantas/prons.md | 8 +++--- pages/laantas/verbs.md | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++-------------------- pages/laantas/words.yaml | 60 +++++++++++++++++++------------------- 6 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 99 deletions(-) diff --git a/pages/index.md b/pages/index.md index 399c841..20882b1 100644 --- a/pages/index.md +++ b/pages/index.md @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ hide-footer: true Yeah. The ones I have anything written up for, in order of detail, and with a couple of buzzwords each: -* **[Lántas]** `/laːntas/`, which is the language which has gone longest +* **[Lántas](laantas)** `/laːntas/`, which is the language which has gone longest without me abandoning it. It has lots of noun cases and syllabic consonants, and is written with an abugida. @@ -18,4 +18,3 @@ couple of buzzwords each: a conlang in an hour" challenge thing but then I got kind of attached to it. It has nine genders and vowel harmony. -[Lántas]: laantas diff --git a/pages/laantas/nouns.md b/pages/laantas/nouns.md index af471c9..506bece 100644 --- a/pages/laantas/nouns.md +++ b/pages/laantas/nouns.md @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ The suffix has a few different forms depending on how the word ends: `{kášńḿ}` 'the lizard' vowel, `{ŕ}`, or `{ł}` `{-m}` `{luwam}` 'the truth', `{laksŕm}` 'the fish', - `{ustaiþłm}` 'the singer' + `{ustaiƶłm}` 'the singer' ------------------------- --------- -------------------------------- A sequence `{ńḿ}` formed in this way is pronounced as `/nm̩/`. In other words, @@ -62,15 +62,15 @@ inserted after the `{-m}` form of the suffix if it is needed due to another suffix following it. :::glosses -- Sámimat þasim -- Sami-ma-t þasi-m +- Sámimat ƶasim +- Sami-ma-t ƶasi-m - Sam-DEF-GEN dog-DEF - Sam's dog --- -- Sámimat þasi -- Sami-ma-t þasi +- Sámimat ƶasi +- Sami-ma-t ƶasi - Sam-DEF-GEN dog - one of Sam's dogs ::: @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ The definite suffix is used: I saw two people. One of them was wearing a nice shirt. - For people, places, countries, and other proper names. - - `{Þuð pas kášńł ǧiššimamba nuabia.}`\ + - `{Ƶuƶ pas kášńł ǧiššimamba nuabia.}`\ Those two lizards live above the bakery. - In time phrases with `{gimi}`. However, `{naigimi}` 'sometime' is indefinite. @@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ The definite suffix is used: I'll do it at some point. - In statements of general fact. - - `{Númsal pasla aðal ai.}`\ + - `{Númsal pasla aƶal ai.}`\ Humans have two eyes. - __TODO: ?__ @@ -198,8 +198,8 @@ affirmative statements.) --- -- Kalńkas þasit bairusina. -- kalń-kas þasi-t bairu-si-na +- Kalńkas ƶasit bairusina. +- kalń-kas ƶasi-t bairu-si-na - cat-COM dog-GEN see-RPST-1SG - I saw a cat and a dog. @@ -322,8 +322,8 @@ stem ends in a consonant or vowel, so they are only listed for `{nú}`. `!PL!` `{nú·sa·l}` `{nú·sa·s·ł}` `{nú·sa·n·ł}` `{nú·sa·ri·l}` `!IN!` `!SG!` `{nú·li}` `{nú·li·s}` `{nú·li·n}` `{nú·li·ri}` `!PL!` `{nú·li·l}` `{nú·li·s·ł}` `{nú·li·n·ł}` `{nú·li·ri·l}` - `!PRE!` `!SG!` `{nú·ðu}` `{nú·ðu·s}` `{nú·ðu·n}` `{nú·ðu·ri}` - `!PL!` `{nú·ðu·l}` `{nú·ðu·s·ł}` `{nú·ðu·n·ł}` `{nú·ðu·ri·l}` + `!PRE!` `!SG!` `{nú·ƶu}` `{nú·ƶu·s}` `{nú·ƶu·n}` `{nú·ƶu·ri}` + `!PL!` `{nú·ƶu·l}` `{nú·ƶu·s·ł}` `{nú·ƶu·n·ł}` `{nú·ƶu·ri·l}` `!POST!` `!SG!` `{nú·gi}` `{nú·gi·s}` `{nú·gi·n}` `{nú·gi·ri}` `!PL!` `{nú·gi·l}` `{nú·gi·s·ł}` `{nú·gi·n·ł}` `{nú·gi·ri·l}` `!INTER!` `!SG!` `{nú·nua}` `{nú·nua·s}` `{nú·nua·n}` `{nú·nua·ri}` @@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ stem ends in a consonant or vowel, so they are only listed for `{nú}`. `!(AD-ESS)!` Are you at home? - `{Sihamgit ǧimamlis šikkúmána.}`\ `!(IN-LAT)!` I'll be going home soon. -- `{Sabut kalń káðuri narasi.}`\ +- `{Sabut kalń káƶuri narasi.}`\ `!(PRE-PRL)!` A black cat passed in front of me. - `{Ǧimamgi waibifás.}`\ `!(POST-ESS)!` They're playing round the back of the house. @@ -371,14 +371,14 @@ stem ends in a consonant or vowel, so they are only listed for `{nú}`. The position suffixes give rise to the following words based on a root `{fan}`: :::figure -- `{fansað}`: surface -- `{fanlið}`: interior -- `{fanduð}`: front -- `{fangið}`: back -- `{fannuað}`: company -- `{fambað}`: top -- `{fankuð}`: bottom -- `{fammið}`: vicinity +- `{fansaƶ}`: surface +- `{fanliƶ}`: interior +- `{fanduƶ}`: front +- `{fangiƶ}`: back +- `{fannuaƶ}`: company +- `{fambaƶ}`: top +- `{fankuƶ}`: bottom +- `{fammiƶ}`: vicinity ::: @@ -397,22 +397,22 @@ Genitive forms can be used as adverbs with the suffix `{-tta}`; the conjunctive variant is `{-ttás}`. :::glosses -- sabut þasi -- sabu-t þasi +- sabut ƶasi +- sabu-t ƶasi - black-GEN dog - a black dog --- -- líbisat þasi -- líbis-at þasi +- líbisat ƶasi +- líbis-at ƶasi - happy-GEN dog - a happy dog --- -- sabut líbistas þasi -- sabu-t líbis-t-as þasi +- sabut líbistas ƶasi +- sabu-t líbis-t-as ƶasi - black-GEN happy-GEN-CONJ dog - a happy black dog diff --git a/pages/laantas/phono.md b/pages/laantas/phono.md index d42ed7c..bb94daf 100644 --- a/pages/laantas/phono.md +++ b/pages/laantas/phono.md @@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ Where unspecified, consonants are spelt the same way as in IPA.   Labial Dental Postalveolar Velar ------------ ------------- ------------------ ------------------- ------------- - Plosive `/p b/` `/t d/` `/tʃ dʒ/` `{č ǧ}` `/k g/` - Fricative `/f/` `/θ s/` `{ŧ, s}` `/ʃ/` `{š}` `/x/` `{h}` + Plosive `/p b/` `/t d/` `/tʃ dʒ/` `{č ǧ}` `/k ɡ/` + Fricative `/f/` `/θ s/` `{ƶ, s}` `/ʃ/` `{š}` `/x/` `{h}` Nasal `/m/` `/n/` Flap `/ɾ/` `{r}` Approximant `/w/` `/l/` `/j/` @@ -59,12 +59,11 @@ syllable structure, geminated consonants are counted the same as two separate ones. Geminate versions of most consonants are spelt by doubling the letter: `{pp}`, `{tt}`, `{kk}`, etc. -*The phoneme `/θ/` might be written `{þ}` or `{ð}` in places I have forgotten to update.* +In places I have forgotten to update, `/θ/` might be written `{þ}` or `{ð}`. ## Allophony -- Before `/i iː iə/`, `/ɾ/` becomes `[ʑ̞]`, a laminal fricative with only a - small amount of actual friction, almost `[ɹ̻]`. +- Before `/i iː iə/`, `/ɾ/` becomes `[ʑ̞]`. - A nasal followed by a plosive assimilates to the same place of articulation (but for compound words this is not reflected in the spelling), for example `{rabanpa}` `[ravampa]` 'what book?'. @@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ ones. Geminate versions of most consonants are spelt by doubling the letter: word-finally. The sequence `/lθ/` is realised as `[ɬʲː]`. - In many dialects, the long obstruents `/pː tː tʃː kː sː ʃː/` are pronounced as ejectives `[pʼ tʼ tʃʼ kʼ sʼ ʃʼ]`, and the long sonorants `/mː nː lː/` as - `[bᵐ dⁿ ɮː]`. + `[bᵐ dⁿ ɮˠː]`. # Syllable structure @@ -108,7 +107,7 @@ to each other, however, even without a non-syllabic consonant in between. Sometimes an inflectional ending can cause an invalid sequence of syllabic and non-syllabic consonant. In this case, the sequence is replaced with `{a}` plus a -long form of the consonant: `{suaþł}` 'speaker'---`{suaþalla}` 'from a +long form of the consonant: `{suaƶł}` 'speaker'---`{suaƶalla}` 'from a speaker'. diff --git a/pages/laantas/prons.md b/pages/laantas/prons.md index 693b908..ad89b12 100644 --- a/pages/laantas/prons.md +++ b/pages/laantas/prons.md @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ cases](#locational_cases) are attached to. Their suffixes are regular. `!ESS!` `{kagu}` `{tigul}` `{sugu}` `{sugul}` `{rugu}` `{rugul}` `!TRA!` `{kasti}` `{tistil}` `{susti}` `{sustul}` `{rusti}` `{rustil}` `!EXE!` `{kaču}` `{tičul}` `{sučču}` `{suččul}` `{ruču}` `{ručul}` - `!LOC!` `{ka–}` `{ti–l}` `{su–}` `{sua–l}` `{ru–}` `{rua–l}` + `!LOC!` `{ká–}` `{tí–l}` `{sú–}` `{sua–l}` `{rú–}` `{rua–l}` ::: @@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ cases](#locational_cases) are attached to. Their suffixes are regular. There is a three way distance distinction for demonstratives: a new referent near the speaker/listener, a new referent distant from both, and old information. These will be glossed as 'this', 'yon', and 'that', respectively. -The near demonstrative is `{lua}`, whose declension is given below. For distant referents it is `{þua}` and for old information `{mua}`; they decline in the same way as `{lua}`. +The near demonstrative is `{lua}`, whose declension is given below. For distant referents it is `{ƶua}` and for old information `{mua}`; they decline in the same way as `{lua}`. -The adjectival (ADJ) forms of these words are used as determiners before other nouns. Note that unlike most nouns, it is distinct from the genitive: compare `{muð kalńł}` 'those cats' and `{mut kalńł}` 'that person's cats'. It also lacks stress, unlike the other forms. +The adjectival (ADJ) forms of these words are used as determiners before other nouns. Note that unlike most nouns, it is distinct from the genitive: compare `{muƶ kalńł}` 'those cats' and `{mut kalńł}` 'that person's cats'. It also lacks stress, unlike the other forms. :::figure @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ The adjectival (ADJ) forms of these words are used as determiners before other n `!TRA!` `{lusti}` `{lustil}` `!EXE!` `{luču}` `{lučul}` `!LOC!` `{lu–}` `{lu–l}` - `!ADJ!` `{luð}` `{luð}` + `!ADJ!` `{luƶ}` `{luƶ}` ::: diff --git a/pages/laantas/verbs.md b/pages/laantas/verbs.md index 82d41d6..712f158 100644 --- a/pages/laantas/verbs.md +++ b/pages/laantas/verbs.md @@ -28,29 +28,29 @@ Stories are narrated in the present tense. ::: :::glosses -- Þasim kalńḿt jaðí. -- þasi-m kalń-ḿ-t jaðí +- Ƶasim kalńḿt jaƶí. +- ƶasi-m kalń-ḿ-t jaƶí - dog-DEF cat-DEF-GEN love;PRS - The dog loves the cat. --- -- Þasim kalńḿt jaðísi. -- þasim kalńḿt jaðí-si +- Ƶasim kalńḿt jaƶísi. +- ƶasim kalńḿt jaƶí-si - the:dog the:cat love-RPST - The dog loved the cat. --- -- Þasim kalńḿt jaðísai. -- þasim kalńḿt jaðí-sai +- Ƶasim kalńḿt jaƶísai. +- ƶasim kalńḿt jaƶí-sai - the:dog the:cat love-DPST - The dog had loved the cat (until …). --- -- Þasim kalńḿt jaðímá. -- þasim kalńḿt jaðí-má +- Ƶasim kalńḿt jaƶímá. +- ƶasim kalńḿt jaƶí-má - the:dog the:cat love-FUT - The dog will love the cat. ::: @@ -84,15 +84,15 @@ is expressed by using conjunctions of pronouns instead of suffixes. --- -- Þasim bairunáš. -- þasi-m bairu-**náš** +- Ƶasim bairunáš. +- ƶasi-m bairu-**náš** - dog-DEF see-1PL;SBJ - We see the dog. --- -- Þasim bairudúš. -- þasi-m bairu-**dúš** +- Ƶasim bairudúš. +- ƶasi-m bairu-**dúš** - dog-DEF see-1PL;OBJ - The dog sees us. ::: @@ -113,21 +113,21 @@ There is a four way voice distinction. The voice markers are placed between the Active `!(ACT)!` `{–}` Passive `!(PSV)!` `{–lú}` Reflexive `!(RFL)!` `{–sidu}` - Reciprocal `!(RCP)!` `{–lði}` + Reciprocal `!(RCP)!` `{–lƶi}` --------------------- ---------- ::: :::glosses -- Þasimat tassána. -- þasimat tassá-na +- Ƶasimat tassána. +- ƶasimat tassá-na - the:dog wash-1SG - I wash the dog. --- -- Þasim tassálú. -- þasim tassá-**lú** +- Ƶasim tassálú. +- ƶasim tassá-**lú** - the:dog wash-PSV - The dog is washed. @@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ There is a four way voice distinction. The voice markers are placed between the --- -- Tassálðináš. -- tassá-**lði**-náš +- Tassálƶináš. +- tassá-**lƶi**-náš - wash-RCP-1PL - We wash each other. ::: @@ -190,25 +190,25 @@ A verb form can be suffixed with `{–ja}` to turn it into a noun modifier. This is used to make relative clauses. :::glosses -- þasim bairuja ausut kášńḿ -- þasi-m bairu-ja ausu-t kášń-ḿ +- ƶasim bairuja ausut kášńḿ +- ƶasi-m bairu-ja ausu-t kášń-ḿ - dog-DEF see-REL size-GEN lizard-DEF - the big lizard that the dog sees --- -- þasimat bairuja ausut kášńḿ -- þasim-at bairu-ja ausut kášńḿ +- ƶasimat bairuja ausut kášńḿ +- ƶasim-at bairu-ja ausut kášńḿ - the:dog-GEN see-REL big the:lizard - the lizard that sees the dog ::: -A relative clause can be made into a noun phrase of its own with `{–ð}`, +A relative clause can be made into a noun phrase of its own with `{–ƶ}`, meaning 'the one who \_\_\_\_'. :::glosses -- kášńł bairujað -- kášń-ł bairu-ja-ð +- kášńł bairujaƶ +- kášń-ł bairu-ja-ƶ - lizard-PL see-REL-NOM - the one who sees lizards ::: @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ meaning 'the one who \_\_\_\_'. Pro-verbs are placeholders standing in for verb phrases; they are the verb equivalent of pronouns. The word for 'to do this' is `{mai}`, related to the [pronoun] `{mua}`. There -are also `{lai}` and `{þai}`, which are used only when contrasting between two +are also `{lai}` and `{ƶai}`, which are used only when contrasting between two options. [pronoun]: prons.html#demonstratives @@ -232,15 +232,15 @@ options. --- -- *Laim* iš *þaim* ušmiha? -- lai-m iš þai-m ušmi-ha +- *Laim* iš *ƶaim* ušmiha? +- lai-m iš ƶai-m ušmi-ha - do_this-DEF or do_that-DEF want-2SG - Which do you want to do? --- -- Þaim ušmina. -- þai-m ušmi-na +- Ƶaim ušmina. +- ƶai-m ušmi-na - do_this-DEF want-1SG - I want to take the bus. ::: diff --git a/pages/laantas/words.yaml b/pages/laantas/words.yaml index 28f0157..46fa9d9 100644 --- a/pages/laantas/words.yaml +++ b/pages/laantas/words.yaml @@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ mansi: o: bairusinabu, ŕminu, mansisinabutul t: i (tried to) read it but I didn't understand -bauðu: +bauƶu: p: ˈbaw.θu t: n d: - west - - bauðut: western + - bauƶut: western čá: p: ˈtʃaː @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ háma: - land - country -jaðí: +jaƶí: p: ˈja.θiː t: {v: t} d: love @@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ sá: d: now n: usually fronted in sentence -gimimðu: +gimimƶu: p: ɡi.ˈmim.θu t: {pp: GEN} d: before @@ -328,12 +328,12 @@ włjá: - east - włját: eastern -þasi: +ƶasi: p: ˈθa.si t: n d: dog -þł: +ƶł: p: ˈθl̩ t: {suf: [n, n]} d: person @@ -375,12 +375,12 @@ jua: t: {suf: [_, _]} d: excessive, very -laðas: +laƶas: p: ˈla.θas t: n d: proud -laðasjua: +laƶasjua: t: n d: pretension @@ -887,7 +887,7 @@ lua: d: this n: near speaker -þua: +ƶua: p: ˈθuə t: prn d: that @@ -1045,12 +1045,12 @@ abjas: - equal to (mathematics) see: laimi -þuna: +ƶuna: p: ˈθu.na t: adv d: - exactly - - "þuna gimimli": just now + - "ƶuna gimimli": just now daš: p: ˈdaʃ @@ -1133,11 +1133,11 @@ manifnu: - manifnut: - pleasant - nice - - taðmanifnuču: + - taƶmanifnuču: - disgusting - (stronger than just \'unpleasant\') -tað: +taƶ: p: taθ t: {pre: [n, n]} d: 'un-' @@ -1357,6 +1357,7 @@ kai: d: - goodness - kait: good + - "Y.NOM kait X.INTER.ESS ai": X likes Y wá: p: ˈwaː @@ -1430,7 +1431,7 @@ dagu: - "n dagut": n-time - "n dagutta": n times -aða: +aƶa: p: ˈa.θa t: n d: eye @@ -1440,7 +1441,7 @@ tutim: t: adv d: often -ðiš: +ƶiš: p: θiʃ t: {suf: [n, n]} d: (diminutive) @@ -1505,7 +1506,7 @@ tušura: t: {v: t} d: twist -tušurajað: +tušurajaƶ: p: ˈtu.ʃu.ɾa.jaθ t: n d: screw @@ -1515,7 +1516,7 @@ tušurat dawin: p: ˌtu.ʃu.ɾat ˈda.win t: n d: screwdriver - see: [tušura, tušurajað] + see: [tušura, tušurajaƶ] dawin: p: ˈda.win @@ -1722,14 +1723,14 @@ lira: - press - squeeze - "samńt lira": print - - "lirajað": + - "lirajaƶ": d: - printer - printing press n: - in full, samńt lirajað + in full, samńt lirajaƶ -þalussu: +ƶalussu: p: ˈθa.lus.su t: {v: t} d: kill @@ -1864,19 +1865,20 @@ túsal: - wisdom - túsat: wise -maðka: +maƶka: p: ˈmaθ.ka t: n d: - chain - - gurubatł maðka: bandwagon + - gurubatł maƶka: bandwagon -fuba: - p: ˈfu.ba - t: {v: i} - d: - - rusas fubasidu: roll oneself up - - rusan fubasidu: unroll oneself +# fuba: +# p: ˈfu.ba +# t: {v: i} +# d: +# - rúsas fubasidu: roll oneself up +# - rúsan fubasidu: unroll oneself +# TODO what is the rú here???? naiku: p: ˈnai.ku @@ -1917,7 +1919,7 @@ jaisi: t: n d: dream n: - - taðjaisi: nightmare + - taƶjaisi: nightmare luwa: p: ˈlu.wa