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resurrect vowel diagrams

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Rhiannon Morris 2021-04-29 12:03:58 +02:00
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135
pages/laantas/phono.md
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@ -7,7 +7,89 @@ lang: lántas
# Vowels
**TODO vowel diagrams**
:::figure
<!-- pure vowels -->
<svg width="210" height="160" viewBox="0 0 210 160">
<g id="vowel-frame">
<!-- outer trapezoid -->
<polygon points="0 0 200 0 200 150 100 150"
fill="transparent" stroke="black" />
<!-- help lines -->
<g stroke="#999">
<line x1="50" y1="75" x2="200" y2="75" />
<line x1="100" y1="0" x2="150" y2="150" />
</g>
</g>
<!-- í -->
<circle cx="25" cy="15" r="3" fill="black" />
<text x="34" y="19" class="ipa">iː</text>
<!-- i -->
<circle cx="50" cy="30" r="3" fill="black" />
<text x="58" y="34" class="ipa">i</text>
<!-- ú -->
<circle cx="150" cy="15" r="3" fill="black" />
<text x="159" y="18" class="ipa">uː</text>
<!-- u -->
<circle cx="125" cy="30" r="3" fill="black" />
<text x="133" y="34" class="ipa">u</text>
<!-- á -->
<circle cx="110" cy="135" r="3" fill="black" />
<text x="116" y="138" class="ipa">aː</text>
<!-- a -->
<circle cx="125" cy="115" r="3" fill="black" />
<text x="110" y="118" class="ipa">a</text>
</svg>
<!-- ai, au -->
<svg width="210" height="160" viewBox="0 0 210 160">
<defs>
<marker id="arrowhead"
markerWidth="10" markerHeight="12"
orient="auto" refX="1" refY="4"
viewBox="0 0 12 10">
<polygon points="0 0 12 5 0 10" fill="black" />
</marker>
<marker id="circle"
markerWidth="6" markerHeight="6"
orient="auto" refX="3" refY="3"
viewBox="0 0 6 6">
<circle cx="3" cy="3" r="3" fill="black" />
</marker>
</defs>
<use href="#vowel-frame" />
<!-- ai -->
<line x1="90" y1="100" x2="50" y2="30"
stroke="black"
marker-start="url(#circle)"
marker-end="url(#arrowhead)" />
<text x="78" y="65" class="ipa">ai</text>
<!-- au -->
<line x1="180" y1="130" x2="180" y2="45"
stroke="black"
marker-start="url(#circle)"
marker-end="url(#arrowhead)" />
<text x="155" y="91" class="ipa">au</text>
</svg>
<!-- ia, ua -->
<svg width="210" height="160" viewBox="0 0 210 160">
<use href="#vowel-frame" />
<!-- iə -->
<line x1="25" y1="15" x2="115" y2="65"
stroke="black"
marker-start="url(#circle)"
marker-end="url(#arrowhead)" />
<text x="64" y="30" class="ipa">iə</text>
<!-- uə -->
<line x1="190" y1="15" x2="130" y2="65"
stroke="black"
marker-start="url(#circle)"
marker-end="url(#arrowhead)" />
<text x="147" y="30" class="ipa">uə</text>
</svg>
:::
There are three basic vowels `/i a u/`, diphthongs `/ai au iə uə/`, and
syllabic consonants `/m̩ n̩ r̩ l̩/`. Neither of these last two sets have a length
@ -22,7 +104,56 @@ acute with a stroke: `{ł}`. The diphthongs are spelt `{ai au ia ua}`.
## Allophony
**TODO other diagrams**
:::figure
<svg width="210" height="160" viewBox="0 0 210 160">
<use href="#vowel-frame" />
<circle cx="55" cy="65" r="3" fill="black" />
<text x="63" y="68" class="ipa">e</text>
<circle cx="50" cy="40" r="3" fill="black" />
<text x="58" y="43" class="ipa">eː</text>
<circle cx="160" cy="55" r="3" fill="black" />
<text x="170" y="60" class="ipa">o</text>
<circle cx="160" cy="40" r="3" fill="black" />
<text x="170" y="41" class="ipa">oː</text>
<circle cx="185" cy="135" r="3" fill="black" />
<text x="162" y="139" class="ipa">ɑː</text>
<circle cx="175" cy="115" r="3" fill="black" />
<text x="184" y="119" class="ipa">ɑ</text>
</svg>
<svg width="210" height="160" viewBox="0 0 210 160">
<use href="#vowel-frame" />
<circle cx="65" cy="30" r="3" fill="black" />
<text x="50" y="33" class="ipa">y</text>
<circle cx="90" cy="25" r="3" fill="black" />
<text x="97" y="29" class="ipa">ʉː</text>
<circle cx="75" cy="95" r="3" fill="black" />
<text x="83" y="98" class="ipa">ɛ</text>
<circle cx="160" cy="80" r="3" fill="black" />
<text x="168" y="89" class="ipa">ɔ</text>
</svg>
<svg width="210" height="160" viewBox="0 0 210 160">
<use href="#vowel-frame" />
<line x1="55" y1="55" x2="115" y2="70"
stroke="black"
marker-start="url(#circle)"
marker-end="url(#arrowhead)" />
<text x="80" y="58" class="ipa">eə</text>
<line x1="190" y1="105" x2="130" y2="70"
stroke="black"
marker-start="url(#circle)"
marker-end="url(#arrowhead)" />
<text x="170" y="88" class="ipa">ɔə</text>
<line x1="175" y1="120" x2="90" y2="80"
stroke="black"
marker-start="url(#circle)"
marker-end="url(#arrowhead)" />
<text x="104" y="108" class="ipa">ɑe</text>
</svg>
:::
* After a velar consonant, including `/ɫ w/`, the vowels
`/a aː ai i iː iə u uː uə/` are backed and lowered to the forms labelled