diff --git a/pages/laantas/nouns.md b/pages/laantas/nouns.md index 8992fbf..ac6be67 100644 --- a/pages/laantas/nouns.md +++ b/pages/laantas/nouns.md @@ -370,40 +370,47 @@ stem ends in a consonant or vowel, so they are only listed for `{!nú}`. ## Non-locative uses - Subessive is used for: - * 'in the opinion of': `{Kaku manifnut ai.}` That's pleasant to me/I like that. + - 'in the opinion of': + `{!Kaku manifnut ai.}`\ + That's pleasant to me/I like that. - Superessive is used for: - - 'about': `{Suba jaisi fína.}` I dreamt about you. + - 'about'\ + `{!Suba jaisi fína.}`\ + I had a dream about you. ## Position words -The position suffixes give rise to the following words based on a root `{fan}`: +The position suffixes give rise to the following words based on some roots +`{!fan}`, `{!gis}`, and `{!pul}`, which no longer exist as separate words: :::figure -- `{fansaƶ}`: surface -- `{fanliƶ}`: interior -- `{fanduƶ}`: front -- `{fangiƶ}`: back -- `{fannuaƶ}`: company -- `{fambaƶ}`: top -- `{fankuƶ}`: bottom -- `{fammiƶ}`: vicinity +- `{!fanaƶ}`: surface +- `{!falliƶ}`: interior +- `{!gissuƶ}`: front +- `{!giksiƶ}`: back +- `{!pulluaƶ}`: company +- `{!gisbaƶ}`: top +- `{!giskuƶ}`: bottom +- `{!pummiƶ}`: vicinity ::: # Adjectivals Most words considered as adjectives in other languages are in fact -grammatically nouns in Lántas; words such as `{sabu}` can be translated as 'the -colour black'. When one noun modifies another attributively, the [genitive -case](#corecases) suffix `{-(a)t}` is used. Additional adjectives after the -first additionally take a special conjunctive suffix `{-as}`, similar to the -comitative case. Adjectives, like other noun modifiers, precede the head noun -in most cases. However, they can follow it if they indicate a property -considered inherent to the objects in question. +grammatically nouns in Lántas; words such as `{!sabu}` can be translated as +'the colour black'. When one noun modifies another attributively, the [genitive +case](#corecases) suffix `{-t}` is used. In the case of multiple adjectives, +all other than the last have a modified form of the comitative suffix, +`{–kat}`. Adjectives, like other noun modifiers, precede the head noun. Genitive forms can be used as adverbs with the suffix `{-tta}`; the conjunctive -variant is `{-ttás}`. +variant is `{-ttás}`. Adverbs appear immediately before the verb if they are +short. Long adverbial phrases, as well as context-setting adverbs such as time +words, are usually placed before the rest of the sentence. Longer adverb +phrases at the start of a sentence are often separated from the rest by +a comma. :::glosses - sabut ƶasi @@ -413,16 +420,16 @@ variant is `{-ttás}`. --- -- líbisat ƶasi -- líbis-at ƶasi +- líbit ƶasi +- líbi(s)-t ƶasi - happy-GEN dog - a happy dog --- -- sabut líbistas ƶasi -- sabu-t líbis-t-as ƶasi -- black-GEN happy-GEN-CONJ dog +- sabut líbiskat ƶasi +- sabu-kat líbi(s)-t ƶasi +- black-ADJCOM happy-GEN dog - a happy black dog --- diff --git a/pages/laantas/phono.md b/pages/laantas/phono.md index 2d1684b..897f812 100644 --- a/pages/laantas/phono.md +++ b/pages/laantas/phono.md @@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ In places I have forgotten to update, `/θ/` might be written `{þ}` or `{ð}`. # Syllable structure -The allowed shape of a syllable is *CV*(*C*) where *V* is any vowel and *C* any -consonant, as long as all clusters take one of the following forms: +The allowed shape of a syllable is usually *CV*(*C*), where *V* is any vowel +and *C* any consonant. Clusters take one of the following forms: - *KC*, where *K* can be any of `/m n l r θ s ʃ t/` _(coda consonants)_; - *FN*, where *F* can be `/f θ s ʃ x/` _(fricatives)_ and @@ -100,16 +100,11 @@ consonant, as long as all clusters take one of the following forms: - `/pj bj lj rj/`; - geminate consonants. -Aside from these, a word can also start with a vowel. At the end of a word, the -consonants from *K* are allowed. A syllabic consonant cannot be next -to the non-syllabic form of the same consonant---for example, the sequences -`/ll̩/` and `/l̩l/` are not possible. Two distinct syllabic consonants can be next -to each other, however, even without a non-syllabic consonant in between. - -Sometimes an inflectional ending can cause an invalid sequence of syllabic and -non-syllabic consonant. In this case, the sequence is replaced with `{a}` plus a -long form of the consonant: `{suaƶł}` 'speaker'---`{suaƶalla}` 'from a -speaker'. +The exceptions to the normal pattern are that a vowel or syllabic consonant can +also occur at the start of a word, or after another syllabic consonant (but not +a proper vowel). At the end of a word, the consonants from *K* are allowed. +A syllabic consonant cannot be next to the non-syllabic form of the same +consonant---for example, the sequences `/ll̩/` and `/l̩l/` are not possible. # Stress @@ -119,14 +114,3 @@ long vowels, _or_ the only one is in the final syllable of a multi-syllabic word, then the stress is on the first syllable. For the purposes of deciding stress placement, neither diphthongs nor syllabic consonants are counted as long. - - -# Epenthesis - -Some affixes begin with a consonant. Occasionally, this will cause an illegal -consonant cluster. In this case a vowel will be inserted. The vowel depends on -the affix being added, so it is given at the same time as the affix itself. If -multiple affixes are added, only the extra vowels necessary to make the word -legal are inserted, going left to right: as further affixes are stacked, they -might surface and vanish again. See, for instance, the examples given for -[adjectival genitives](nouns.html#adjectivals). diff --git a/pages/laantas/words.yaml b/pages/laantas/words.yaml index 46fa9d9..ee9a462 100644 --- a/pages/laantas/words.yaml +++ b/pages/laantas/words.yaml @@ -1178,6 +1178,7 @@ tílju: d: - glow - shine (of the sun) + - smile waračča: p: wa.ˈɾat.tʃa